37, 38 The full text of 141 papers was reviewed. Of these, unpublished data were obtained from seven cohort studies in Montreal, Canada 33 Baltimore, USA 34 San Francisco, USA 35 London, UK 36 and Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. In addition, we identified 11 eligible prospective studies that measured HCV infection incidence and contacted authors of these articles. We identified 21 papers that directly included measures of the impact of exposure to either OST or NSPs on HCV infection transmission. CDAG, Cochrane Drug and Alcohol Register CENTRAL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CINAHL, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature CLib, Cochrane Library DARE, Database of Abstracts of (more.) We used Stata ® version 14.0 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA) in all analyses and transferred the data into RevMan software version 5.3 (Cochrane, The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark).įlow chart of included studies. There was insufficient information to assess the impact of adherence to NSPs/OST (i.e. continuous or interrupted treatment) and study design. We examined heterogeneity with the I 2 and τ 2 statistics, and explored reasons for heterogeneity using univariable random-effects metaregression to evaluate the impact of the following covariates on intervention effect: geographical region of study recruitment setting (community based or treatment) percentage of female participants main drug injected type of NSP frequency of injecting dose, duration and adherence to NSP/OST (i.e. We examined heterogeneity with the I 2-statistic and explored reasons for heterogeneity using univariable random-effects metaregression. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models, pooling univariable and multivariable models separately. Full-text papers in languages other than English were translated by individuals fluent in those languages. Data were extracted independently by two people and then checked for consistency. Full texts were screened by two people to assess eligibility. Two reviewers screened all title and abstracts, and disagreements were resolved following discussion. A copy of the search strategy is published in Platt et al. Reference lists of all included articles were reviewed for eligible papers. We also searched publications of key international agencies as well as conference abstracts. When no measure was reported in observational studies, authors of studies were contacted and asked to provide unpublished data. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() All searches were conducted in November 2015. We searched MEDLINE (1946 to November 2015), PsycINFO (1806 to November 2015), EMBASE (1980 to November 2015), Global Health (1910 to November 2015), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Health Technology Assessment database, The Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Drug and Alcohol Register and Web of Science for observational and experimental studies measuring exposure to NSPs and/or OST (compared with no intervention) among PWID and HCV infection incidence. 3, 17 The purpose of the two searches was to (1) identify studies that directly measured the impact of NSPs/OST on HCV infection incidence and (2) identify longitudinal studies that measured HCV infection incidence and report the impact of NSPs/OST as part of an adjusted analysis. We conducted two primary searches of the literature based on key search terms identified by the review of reviews and the recent review of the effect of OST and NSPs on the risk of HIV and HCV infection among PWID. Here, we summarise the methods in brief as well as some of the key findings of the review. 26, 27 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial Licence, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. The full methods used in the review are published in Platt et al.
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